高考英语语法：状语从句

一.定义: 在句中作状语的从句就叫做状语从句

二.分类: 状语从句包括以下八类

1.时间状语从句: 由when, while, as, before, after, since, till / until, as soon as等引导

a. I shall tell him the good news when he comes.

2.原因状语从句: 由because, as, since, for等引导

a. He didn’t hear me because he was listening to the radio.

b. Since you are free today, you had better show me how to use the computer.

3.地点状语从句: 由where等引导

a. Please put the book where it was after you finish reading it.

4.条件状语从句: 由if, unless等引导

a. I will come to see you if I have time on Sunday.

5.比较或方式状语从句: 由than, as, as if, as...as...等引导

a. I know you do better than he does.

b. The old worker runs very fast as if he were a young man.

6.目的状语从句: 由so that, in order that等引导

a. They set out early so that they could arrive at the station in good time.

7.结果状语从句: 由so, so that, so / such...that...等引导

a. They set out early so that they arrived at the station in good time.

b. He finished his work so well that the boss praised him in public.

8.让步状语从句: 由though / although, even if, whatever, whoever, whenever, no matter what / who等引导

a. He is in very good health though he is old.

b. They didn’t stop working even if it began to rain hard.

三.应注意的问题:

1.时间和条件状语从句中常用一般时代替将来时

a. I will go and see a film if I have time tomorrow.

b. I will tell the about it as soon as he comes back.

c. He said he would go out for a walk when he finished his work.

2.状语从句中可有省略: 在一个含有状语从句的复合句中, 如果主句和状语从句的主语相同, 或状语从句的主语是it, 并且状语从句的谓语含有be动词时, 可以将状语从句的主语和be一起省略掉

a. As (she was ) a child, she began to learn English.

b. If ( he was ) alive, he must be at least ninety years old.

c. Although ( he was ) told to stop, he kept on working.

d. If ( it is) necessary, ring me up.

e. He didn’t say a single word until ( he was ) asked.

3.as和than引导的比较状语从句中, 从句中和主句中相同的部分往往省略, 从句中只剩下比较对象

a. He is a head taller than I ( am tall ).

than之后的人称代词是主格或宾格时, 有时意思不同, 如:

a. She likes the dog more than me.=She likes the dog more than she likes me.她喜欢狗比喜欢我更多

b. She likes the dog more than I.=She likes the dog more than I like the god. 她比我更喜欢狗

4.含有no soonerthan和hardly / barely / scarcely when的句子相当于含有as soon as引导的时间状语的句子. no sooner或 hardly放在句首时, 主谓要部分倒装

a. He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away. =No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. =He ran away as soon as he saw the policemen.

b. He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang. =Hardly had he sat down when the telephone rang. =The telephone rang as soon as he sat down.

5.immediately, directly, instantly等词也可以作为连词引导时间状语从句, 相当于as soon as引导的时间状语

a. I went to see him immediately I heard from him. =I went to see him as soon as I heard from him.

6.the moment, the minute, the second引导时间状语从句, 相当于as soon as引导的时间状语

a. He let out a cry the moment he saw the snake.=He let out a cry as soon as he saw the snake.

7.each time, every time, any time, last time, next time, first time可以引导时间状语从句

a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.

8.since引导的时间状语从句中, 若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词, 则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束

a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住这里己有五年了
a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.

8.since引导的时间状语从句中, 若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词, 则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束

a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住这里己有五年了